Monday, March 26, 2018

For the visual learners out there!




Brantley, Peter, Marshall Breeding, Eric Hellman, and Gary Price. 2015. “CNI: Swords, Dragons, and Spells: Libraries and User Privacy.” YouTube video, 44:23. January 23, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQeK0rCQpmo



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This video is a presentation from the Coalition for Networked Information Fall 2014 Membership Meeting, held in Washington, D. C. This recorded session is specifically about user privacy in libraries, and what the major issues are in that area. Adobe Editions’ recording of user data is referenced as a revelation for many people. Social media, and the Library 2.0 customization that is impending, is a major concern when it comes to privacy and intellectual freedom. This presentation covers privacy and electronic security in libraries overall, and is an excellent primer in the topic. Eric Hellman focuses on social media and their potentially insidious intentions, and how advertisements connect our browser history to our social media and beyond.

The ethical implications of these problems is not as central to the presentation as the technology involved, but it is there. Intellectual freedom and the privacy-protecting mission of libraries is addressed, and with some amount of ruefulness and concern. The presenters don’t just question the intentions of social media companies and other internet entities, they name them as infiltrators of our lives. 

This recording falls more into the “internet safety + privacy + intellectual freedom” flavor of this blog, and while it does reference social media, it goes far beyond it as well. Web savviness goes further than digital citizenship and netiquette, and this video reveals the types of complex problems that libraries are facing as Library 2.0 becomes a reality. The presenters offer some guidance, but mostly this is a call to awareness, as many users and library professionals may not be aware of just how easy it is to expose your data and compromise privacy.



Tuesday, March 13, 2018

Funding for a Program


http://www.quickmeme.com/p/3vzc9c

It always comes down to money. Programs don’t fund themselves! In looking for funding resources for social media ethics, I explored what sorts of programs there already were out there in the world that were being funded, and the buzzword in education when it comes to social media and ethics is often “digital citizenship.” It is a more broad term, and encompasses all sorts of information literacy that does not necessarily fit my focus, but it showed me where to look when it came to funding institutions and the types of programs they were interested in funding. Here are three potential sources for funding, and a few other free resources for instruction and curriculum that could save money by taking the place of more costly resources in a program.

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

The Mellon Foundation supports a broad range of programs, but one would be particularly applicable to a Digital Citizenship or Information Literacy program: Higher Education and Scholarship in the Humanities. The Foundation has many subsections to this area, and they include “Faculty growth as teachers, scholars, and academic citizens across the stages of a professorial career,” and “Programs that scale up training for humanistic engagement with the digital.” Both of these descriptors lead me to believe they would be receptive to a grant proposal for a social media ethics program.

The Mellon Foundation accepts proposals all the time, and they are presented to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis. They work with applicants to revise and refine proposals before bringing them to the board, so it’s best to leave plenty of time for that process.  A grant from the Mellon Foundation could fund salary and wages (or stipend) for a librarian to teach a course, the cost of equipment and supplies for the program, marketing and advertising, and more.


Moody Foundation

                The Moody Foundation’s main goal is to “make a difference in the lives of the people of Texas.”  They fund a wide variety of programs, granting funds to libraries, universities, and other organizations. Some recent grants include $250,000 to the Galveston Rosenberg Library for renovations, $150,000 to the University of Texas at Austin’s Blanton Museum of Art for educational programs, and many more. 

                The Foundation accepts proposals all the time, and meets for grant approvals quarterly. They warn that the entire process may take up to 6 months, and to budget your time for that. The funds that the Moody Foundation grants are general, and can be used on teaching stipends, supplies, marketing, etc.


Texas State Library and Archives Commission

          Through the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, the current grant cycle is for fiscal year 2019, and the deadline was March 8th, but the term will reset next year. Last year, awards included $8,996 to Houston Public Library for promoting digital literacy, $10,000 for the University of North Texas to create webinars to promote digital literacy, and more. Those examples fell under “Impact Grants,” and that seems like the most likely route for a digital citizenship program. A TSLAC document describes Impact Grants for Library Innovation and Improvement as being for a “new idea for serving your community,” “implement[ing] a best practice that will improve service delivery,” and “innovative notion[s] you want to test.” These awards cannot exceed $10,000, and the funds do not require matching.
The award funds can cover staff, equipment, supplies, and more, but are not to cover “building construction,” “food, beverages,” “awards, honoraria, prizes, or gifts,” and any expenses that develop that are not specifically for the program funded by the grant.
          

     
Basic information about “Digital Citizenship:”


Free educator resources:  

Common Sense Media

InCtrl

Microsoft’s Digital Citizenship training



Saturday, March 3, 2018

Research Article Analysis -- "Social Media Ethical Issues: Role of a Librarian"


Wasike, Jotham. 2013. "Social Media Ethical Issues: Role of a Librarian." Library Hi Tech News 30 (1): 8-16. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07419051311320922.

Wasike, writing from the perspective of a librarian in Kenya, takes a look at social media privacy concerns. The problem he identifies is that most users do not really understand or employ privacy settings effectively on social media platforms, and this leads to personal information being more accessible than the users intend. He also notes that there is a conflict between the needs of users for privacy and the social media platforms for profiting off the use of personal information. Wasike also brings up the near impossible task of policing social media users’ behavior, in terms of compliance with platforms’ terms and conditions of use. Fake accounts used to troll, sabotage, and spread rumors are difficult to spot and rely on users to report abusive behaviors. In turn, false reports occur as well. The platforms themselves are immune from blame for the behavior of their users, and give no guarantees as to the quality of the content that users post. Social media can be part of the “Library 2.0” approach, making libraries more of an interactive environment for patrons.

The author states that “Social media ethics are informed by normative theories that aim to develop a set of best practices governing human conduct” (8). He says that virtue ethics also come into play, and “individual users engage in ethical conduct by following principles and rules, or adopting habits and behaviors seen as ethically virtuous” (8). Not clearly stated but clearly implied are the use of the professional ethics of librarians as a group, in the protection of users’ rights and privacy. This article is essentially a literature review with conclusions and opinion based on that research.

Wasike does not think there has been enough research and academic attention paid to social media use by libraries. He suggests that librarians should learn more about social media’s pitfalls and ethical implications, and that the librarian’s focus should be on balancing privacy protections with access. One interesting issue he brings up is that social media platforms, like other online resources that libraries use, capture information about users that has the potential to be used against them. By inviting patrons to participate on a library’s social media account, is the library then responsible for the risk those users take in leaving breadcrumbs of their online activity? The benefit of connecting with patrons online does not come without risk.

The conclusions that Wasike reaches include a few recommendations for how librarians should move forward in the Information Age. He says librarians need to be educated about social media and the greater context of the online environment wherein it exists. He also says that librarians need to be active shepherds of effective and ethical use of social media. He takes special note, as a Kenyan, that censorship and oppressive political environments can be a great threat to free use of social media. The way forward includes librarians as navigators for users who need help differentiating good resources from bad in an online world where all resources are presented as equal. He says that social media use by librarians should comply with professional ethics, and that librarians need to actively explore and research the development of ethical issues in social media. Librarians, as information professionals, are uniquely poised to have an impact on the field of social media ethics. 

I think that Wasike makes some very valid points, but the article does seem to lack focus in some ways. The article seems more about the risks of social media use, rather than the ethical issues concerned. I would like to see more of a structured exploration of the ethical obligations of librarians in a social media environment. I have a lot of questions that I hoped this article might approach, but did not – for instance, considering how social media blurs the lines of professional and personal life, how much of an obligation do librarians have to educate friends (or strangers) online about media literacy when they encounter things like fake news or the use of dubious sources? Can we break that down by using a variety of ethical approaches, and do they tend to agree or disagree on the conclusions? I hope to keep searching for more articles that go deeper into the ethics of social media interactions, but this article was a good overview of issues and the reference list looks to have a lot of good stepping-off points to further reading.



On a side note, this infographic from International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) is an example of how information professionals can influence and guide the behavior of users online. Graphics are an effective way to catch the attention of people online, and promoting good "digital citizenship" is a practical use of virtue ethics, which encourages conversation and interaction of people to enhance ethical habits.



https://www.iste.org/explore/articleDetail?articleid=192